Doubt

Doubt

We hear this word a lot in sports and in life. Many people go through life doubting their ability and therefore who they are. This doubt permeates their persona to such an extent that it affects relationships, performance, and outlook.

Doubt has now become part of the youth sports landscape. People doubt whether they are going to be able to get an athletic scholarship, or be able to pay for college. Children’ self worth, attached to their on field performance raises doubt in their minds. Family’s doubt whether they are going to be able to pay for their child’s participation in “elite” travel sports.

Youth sports in its original concept was supposed to help children manage, and erase that doubt by teaching them life skills and the importance of teamwork, hard work, sacrifice, and fun. How things have changed.

 Young athletes feel their bodies betraying them for the first time in their lives, with injuries, that children at such a young age should rarely if ever experience. They doubt whether they can keep up with the other kids playing on their team. Some children, feeling pressure from their coach and parents, doubt themselves.

 They do not understand, nor should they, why so much emphasis is being put on something that in it’s very description cites PLAY as an important, if not interval part of the experience. We say our children “Play youth sports.” That is right. We do not say our children have job at a very tender and influential young age. Because, for many children, coaches, and organizations youth sports has become so much more than it ever was intended to be.

And I doubt very much that this is a healthy thing.

At Frozen Shorts we have turned the tables on doubt. Every day we question the validity of the way the majority of people are being told, led, and treated in today’s youth sports environment. We question everything. We constantly test people and preconceived notions.

We believe strongly that this “doubt” is a healthy thing. It is a natural reaction to something that can be quite unhealthy for all involved. We want people to “doubt” the validity of what they are doing just as they would question and doubt a suggestion to go out on a frozen stretch of lake, or down a dark alley.

With the injury rate skyrocketing in youth sports and the more is better mantra permeating this environment, a small, but growing group of people are presenting empirical evidence that this journey is flawed and doubt seriously that the facts support the continued pursuit of scholarships versus the reality of the situation.

When 10 year old children are being described as “athletes” and talented, when in fact they are just children playing.  I have been told that we have to question the definition of fun, and that youth a sport does not have to be fun, I seriously doubt that. People have suggested to me that getting children back into the game instead of concentrating on them getting healthy is not such a bad thing. I doubt that.

But most of all I doubt whether children really want to do this. 70% of all children playing youth sports at the age of 10 quit by the time they are 13. I’m told they quit because of other interests. I doubt that and so do major studies done.

 In 20123 there are now more children playing video games than there are children playing youth sports. In a recent weekend the Staple Center in Los Angeles was sold out for a video team game tournament. Seems the creators have figured out a way to get the kids the enjoyment of playing youth sports and competing into their entertainment paradigm.

These kids have great eye hand coordination. They get to PLAY, not sit on the sidelines every day. They put together teams. They have tournaments, leagues. and standings. They compete just as if they were on a youth sports team, except for two major differences. They are sedentary and they don’t ever have to sit on the sideline and watch others play of they don’t want to. Someone has given them an alternative to today’s youth sports model.

The kids are voting, and I doubt whether the outcome is healthy.

if You Build it They Will Come..and Play

This is a story about a high school varsity team that set a record for most participants on the team at their school. As you probably already know, the sport does not matter to me. The coach, believing that an atmosphere of relaxed coaching, with no yelling and clam instruction, would be a way for athletes to perform at their best, and he thought that he would attract more children to his team using this method.

He started out coaching this team with only seven participants. As the years passed, and word spread amongst the students in this high school, other kids decided to try this sport. More and more kids started to come out for the team and soon this team was known for eclectic discussions, innovative games during practice, and charitable events.

The amount of fun was directly related to the children’s performance. It certainly seemed that the more the coach relaxed the atmosphere around his team the better they performed. Children were given repeated chances to play and when they did play they were enthusiastically supported by other teammates and the coach. They got better quicker than if someone had told what to do.

 In a day where kids are constantly being told what to do during a game by coaches, parents, and teammates, this coach decided to let the children’s own inner desire for competition be reinforced by letting them be creative and relaxed when they participated. No yelling at the kids. No deriding an athlete when they made a mistake. The coach gave constant encouragement to have fun while they were playing.

Sure there were detractors. I heard of people in the school disparaging the coach and his team for not playing their best players. They were scolded by people they competed against for having “too much fun” and disrespecting their sport. Quite interesting that adults, supposedly there to set an example and model the behavior they wanted the athletes to have, took a negative approach to this team’s actions and behavior. The coaches demanded that they be part of the show and get credit. They wanted validation, status, and status quo to be the rule. Times have changed. The world no longer believes the earth is flat!

Then it happened.

 I am getting this story second hand so I can only relate to you another person’s account, although I trust this person to tell the truth. During a practice six athletes on the team were given the opportunity, along with others, to play three games against each other. After two games were completed, one of the boys went up to the coach and asked him if it was okay if they switched teams. I’m told the coach asked why and the children’s response was classic. They had figured out how to make the teams even. On their own, and by having the coach create an atmosphere where all the kids would have a chance to compete, the kids wanted fairer competition. ALL ON THEIR OWN. They figured it out. Really, isn’t that our goal as coaches?

 The final game was extremely competitive. It created a stir amongst the other players on the team not playing in this contest and soon had a “playoff” atmosphere surrounding the participants.  The kids went at it under an aura of positive pressure and had a blast, high fiving each other, encouraging each other, and they played at a very high level!

By now, you should know how strongly I believe in this approach and the Zen of life. It is so much better for the children to be allowed to make mistakes in a safe and positive atmosphere than it is to constantly be at them with instruction. They got better with less instruction, not more! This example is going to resonate with the children for the rest of their lives.

When this story was related to me I was beaming. But being the tweaker that I am I commented to my friend that this story and team bothered me, and it bothered me quite a bit. You should have seen his face! Why I wondered, was this kind of coaching/teaching and the children’s response, an anomaly? Why wasn’t this standard operating procedure?

If we have anything to say about it here at Frozen Shorts, and we do, they, and other teams like theirs, will soon become the rule, a shining example, not the exception, for coaches to coach, for players to behave, execute their skills, and to have fun while playing youth and high school sports.

Bullying 2.0

Bullying 2.0

In the wake of the problems of bullying in the Miami Dolphins organization, I wanted to take a different approach to the topic, as usual. There is so much more to the story down there in Miami that I can’t begin to have an informed opinion about their complex situation until I get all the facts--And I may never get all the facts.  It is professional sports and the more I research this industry, the more I am stunned at what truly goes on behind the scenes and how much of a long term effect playing a professional sport has on an individual both positively and negatively.

 I can say for sure that bullying is wrong.

Today’s essay is going to address what I believe to be the environment that makes bullying, hazing, or entitlement, a problem that is unlikely to be lessened without a  concentrated effort to change how we see, interact, work, and play with each other.

 In my opinion there is an atmosphere existing in youth and high school sports, and society in general, that fosters an environment that makes this behavior of bullying, hazing, and me now, more likely to continue than subside.

When I was growing up bullying was present. I witnessed bullying in many shapes and forms. My older brother was a bully; the captain of one of teams I played on in High School was a bully. A kid that lived on our street was a bully.  In most cases and by that I mean 90%, we took care of the bullying on our own. We had older friends who saw it and corrected it. They taught us younger kids the proper way to behave to others. And if for some reason we didn’t get the message, our dad’s were there to set us straight or our mom made us feel guilty by explaining what was wrong with what was being done.

 Now I’m not here to preach the good old days to all that read my words. This essay is here to expose a side of life that most of us see, but don’t see the cause and effect. Our lives go so fast and there is so much stress involved that it is not uncommon for people to lament that they just want to get through the day. They just don’t have time to get involved, or they fear repercussions, or even physical harm.

What has happened? Let’s start from the top down. Entitlement. Yes, this is not the word bullying in the form you are used to seeing, but it is just as insidious. From the corporation, to the politician, to the professional athlete, to our schools, and children, an atmosphere of bullying has been created by allowing people, organizations, and ideas, to promulgate the effect of allowing people to be mean to others without remorse or consequences.

Something bad happened to me, so it is okay for me to do something bad to someone else, totally unrelated to what happened to me. I get my pound of flesh. This form of bullying can be seen while driving down the road.  (When I am in a situation in traffic that gets me upset, I say “have a nice day” to the other driver quietly to myself in the car. It takes away the angst.) It can be heard at just about every youth and high school sporting event. Stories appear regularly about bullying in schools.

 It is now a news flash when someone does something for another person with empathy and no expectation of reward.

Why? Stress, in the form of monetary concerns is a key factor. The lack of community in our neighborhoods and schools leads to an atmosphere ripe for angst, immediacy, and jealousy.

Simply put, manners, in the simplest form of “please” and “thank you” have lost their meaning, value, and importance in our world. The idea that your life will be better and you will feel better, by helping someone who is less fortunate, instead of climbing over them to the win at all cost, and is anew mantra and mentality that is thriving in our world.

Specialization. We all know the mantra of “more is better.”Specialize at your job, specialize at your sport, specialize in academics, and my favorite one who you hang out with. Well that specialization comes at a cost. It now has come to be a status symbol instead of a short term solution to a problem.

 This form of bullying allows coaches to run up scores. It sanctions not playing kids on a team because of “safety” issues, or because they just aren’t good enough. It allows coaches to coach NOT to lose all the while saying they are coaching to win.

 Inside of teams it allows segregation of “starters” and “role” players to be established early on in a young person’s life as an example on how to treat people and be treated.

 But mostly, by putting a tangible monetary value on a child’s ability, it fosters an environment that ensures most children, families, and organizations will be teaching, mentoring, and modeling the very behavior that sets a base for bullying to appear. My child is more valuable than yours. My organization is better than yours. That’s just bullying in a new form and kids need to learn positive life lessons, not negative reinforcement.

That’s Bullying 2.0

Part IV of the Youth Sports Apocalypse: Injuries

Part IV of the Youth Sports Apocalypse: Injuries

For those of you who have followed my journey to try and reform youth and high school sports with a radical change in philosophy. The goal of Frozen Shorts, and of course my personal goal, is to have kids play for fun. By having more kids participate, and keep them participating, our new organic holistic approach, is a healthy alternative to the present day paradigm.

 Most of you are aware of my many concussions. I also have had surgery on my right elbow and left wrist. My right knee aches every time the temperature changes or rain is coming. My left shoulder and right ankle ache for no apparent trigger. In interviewing over 25 former Division I athletes over the age of 40 ALL had a chronic injury. We all paid a price for what we did.

 We chose to do what we did. These injuries that we have are now trickling down and being seen in children as young as 8 years old. I was just told of an 8 year old child who had reconstructive knee surgery after a football injury. A 16 year old is undergoing his 3^rd operation.  I heard about a12 year old girl having knee surgery after a soccer injury. The list goes on and on.

Preventing youth sports and high school Injuries are a huge part of what we concentrate on here at Frozen Shorts. Last year alone $2.5 BILLION was spent on youth and high school sports injuries. About half of them were for overuse injuries.  3.5 million Children went to the hospital with injuries last year. We routinely check the A.O.S.S.M., S.T.O.P., and CDC websites for up to date injury statistics and data. We are interviewing athletes, Doctors, Certified Athletic trainers, and parents as to the extent of this problem.

Let’s look at some startling statistics:

About 2 million high school athletes are injured every year. Over 500,000 go to a doctor for treatment.

3.5 million Children under the age of 14 are treated each year for youth sports injuries

Very young children ages 5-14 have more than 40% of the injuries

Most injuries occur in practice, over 60%

Almost 25% of all children between the ages of 8-14 will have arm pain during a given calendar year

Since the year 2000 there has been a 500% increase in elbow and shoulder injuries in youth and high school sports

Dr. James Andrews performed 50 “Tommy John” surgeries in 2000. In the year 2010 he performed 251

About 175,000 children are treated in Emergency rooms each year for Traumatic Brain Injuries

Nearly half of ALL youth and high school sports injuries are overuse injuries and can be prevented

The statistics I have given you today are staggering. But in and amongst themselves they can and are dismissed by many people. Here is the catch. Even though your child may not have received a youth sports injury in their time playing sports, the injuries that are happening to their teammates do effect them.

Children learn mostly from observation. They see other children playing through injuries.  Other children they are with brag about their injuries, or about the personal trainer that they have. Still others say that if you want to get to the top, and get that Division I scholarship and a professional career, you have to sacrifice.

But very few talk about luck. They don’t  talk about how lucky you have to be to get to the collegiate level, no less being a professional athlete, and how less than 1% of 1% get there.

 They don’t talk about how many children are hurt each year playing youth and high school sports that will have a long lasting significant physical and mental effect on their lives 20 or 30 years down the road.

At Frozen Shorts we try each and every day to get out as many facts as possible so families can make informed decisions about their participation in youth and high school sports.

It’s not our job to decide when if or even how the light goes on for those participating in youth and high school sports. Our job is to just keep flipping the switch.

Part III of the Youth Sports Apocalypse

Part III of The Apocalypse

 Elite teams, parents, and coaches:

One of the major problems facing youth and high schools sports today is the proliferation of “elite” teams. Many factors go into this burgeoning problem. First and foremost is the word “elite” and how it has been watered down to fit most any travel program. This word gives status to the adults, organization, the children and the coaches. When in fact, this team at this level of play, may not be elite at all.

Secondly, the amount of time money, effort, and status that goes into making this become way more than it really was. What it really is, is kids from a very select area, and with the financial backing of their families agreeing to pay to play on a team that may or may not benefit them and their athletic journey.

Because of the money involved, an average weekend on the road cost me $500, a certain false belief of value came to the forefront and helped create an environment ripe for hostility, angst, disappointment, and failure. These teams became a family focal point and people would defend their time money and effort spent by saying their family was spending time together and making long time friends. While that was true the $10,000 Clayton’s team spent on this tournament could have been better spent at home playing a pickup game and then going out for pizza.

I confess that I “drank the Kool-Aid.” My son was the youngest player on the team and was actually playing “up” a year. When asked about him I would be sure to include that fact in my response, “GULP GULP.” Since I had been to a showcase many years ago when I was being recruited to play college hockey I was excited for Clayton and this supposed opportunity. Let me give you this example.

  His team went on a trip to a “showcase” in Virginia. I supposed that since out team had to “apply” for this tournament, that it was legit. I also wanted to take a look at some athletes that were headed to college and to see how good they really were. A hobby of mine, gleaned from years of recruiting for the college hockey team I coached, was to try and pick out the “studs” before they even started to play.

I would watch them walk on to the field and then warm up. Truly people, at this age, it is not very hard to pick out the athlete fairly quick.

 When we got there I found the head of the tournament asked him were the college coaches were. He said they had been there last night and would be arriving today. I told him I was a college hockey coach. He asked me to sign in. I did, confused, but what the heck. Maybe I would get to talk to a couple of the coaches when they arrived.

 OH, you should know that college coaches can only make these off campus visits at certain times of the year depending on the sport being played. Also, because of the proliferation of theses showcases, many of them are “watered” down and there really isn’t a whole lot to see at these showcases.

As a matter of fact, there were about 600 children playing in this tournament. After the warm-up in Clayton’s first game I turned to my wife and said:  “his is crazy.” What a waste of time. I then proceeded to map out a form, (it is on my website) so families would know what it would cost them per hour to have their children play “elite” travel sports.” I was so stunned at the lack of talent, that I told my wife I was sticking around after the game and would stay and watch more games while my family went back to the hotel.

The scores of his four games were 2-0, 2-2, 0-1 and 1-3. Can anyone tell me how this was any better than the games and the scores playing around our hometown? Of course it’s not. And to hear the parents brag about it was hilarious and sad. It became another status symbol to brag about how tired you were from all the travel and of course mentioning the cities and dropping names whenever possible.

It was the last one we went to ever. I watched more games that weekend than anyone else at that tournament.  I saw 3 players that I would consider elite athletes with a future in college athletics at the D! Level. That’s it.

Part II of the Apocalypse:DI and Pro Sports Copied

Division I and professional sports on television have a tremendous influence on youth sports and high school athletes. They also have a remarkable effect on coaches coaching youth and high school sports. This influence can be seen in every game and many practices.

 Now to be fair and clear, this influence has been reflected in youth and high school sports since sports first appeared on television. Heck, you can even go before that when most of a fan’s exposure to pro and Division I sports was from actually going to watch a game in person.

But today’s influence has been ramped up and super sized to the extent to where I have seen performances that make me shake my head in disbelief and wonder if this phenomenon can be slowed down and put back in perspective.

First let me go through an example of two sports:  soccer and basketball. Now I could go through the others but you will see the picture clearly, I hope, from just these two examples.

Soccer:  I went to a varsity soccer game. The winning team was up by 4 goals with ten minutes remaining in the game. There was no way the losing team was going to catch up. So what happened when the winning coach starting to substitute his “bench” players? (I despise that terminology.) The losing coach saw the substitution, how could he miss it, it happened right next to him, and decided NOT to substitute. With THREE minutes left in the game he had five of his subs start to warm up by doing what I believe to be the most ridiculous “preparation” to enter a game in all of youth and high school sports. With one minute left he subbed them in. I asked the coach after the game about this and he said, “They don’t play hard in practice so why should I worry about their playing time in a game.” So, I said, “They won’t practice hard if they don’t think they can get into a game; and I don’t mean a couple of minutes at the end of the game! He said,”They only sub three guys in a game in the pros!”

This coach is limiting competition. This is just another form of entitlement. I went to four of his games and for the 320 minutes of soccer I watched, I saw them complete four passes in a row ONCE! He did not sub more than three kids in a half, and only subbed more than six once. Does he really think that the other guys sitting on the bench needlessly could not do this poorly?  Oh, by the way they scored 6 goals in those four games.

You want to know why  kids are quitting youth and high school sports. Here it is. It is no fun when you don’t get to play. NO ONE gets better sitting on the bench.

If I could I would have “on the fly” substitutions in youth and high school soccer, just like hockey. I would have a 5x10 foot box in front of the bench and have kids hand off a “pinney” to each other as they came in and out of the game.

Basketball: I followed a varsity high school basketball team for four games. I really only needed one game to figure things out, but I wanted to be sure, and I like watching sports. The coach was constantly calling out plays, just like in DI and the pros. (To be clear I have seen this done as low as sixth graders). He would yell Georgetown, Kentucky, and other major Division I colleges as a code for them to run a play. So I started charting these plays to see how often they were successful. I also wondered why each play was called. After all, in DI and the pros there is a reason for who plays with whom and what play is called.

 I started to watch the players on the bench. By the second half they were totally disinterested. Why should they care, they were not going to get to play. The coach told me they were “role” players and they were satisfied with their roles to “help the starters get better.” So I talked to the players and asked them. They were not happy.

As I asked one player, “What do you think of having to know math to participate at the varsity level of high school basketball?” He smiled and nodded. You see he knew exactly what I was talking about. These kids that sit on the bench know that he had subtracted or added the score of the game by either how much they were ahead or behind. Then he had to divide that by the coaches’ ego, the amount of subs sitting next to him, and the time left on the clock to figure out what were his chances of getting into the game.

The solution is simple. It’s just not easy to implement. It takes a true commitment by adults to give youth and high school sports back to the kids.

There is absolutely NO correlation between DI, pro sports, and high school and youth sports for 99% of the children, organizations, schools.

 Make the healthy choice. Equal play pre puberty and play by performance post puberty, Junior Varsity and up.

Sweden which sends more professional athletes per capita than any country in the world does not make cuts until the children are 17

Play a lot of kids, and keep playing a lot of kids. Inter team competition is the best way to coach. Every one runs faster when they are being chased.

There is not that big of difference in the guy who you think is your best player and the last guy on the roster. The more you play one child and the less you play the other child, the less chance you have of your team building the competitive chemistry needed to be a really good team and the removal of entitlement as a coaching tool.

PART I Division I Athletic Scholarship Data

I have copied and pasted from the NCAA website, The National Letter Of Intent website, and the High School Baseball website the pertinent facts regarding the NCAA athletic scholarship program. If you or your child is thinking about getting an athletic scholarship, or you think one of your players may be in line for an athletic scholarship, I hope you will take a look at this. If you meet the requirements you will receive a number from the NCAA Eligibility Center. Until you receive that number neither you nor the college offering a scholarship can accept that offer as binding.g in athletics beyond high school

	Men's Basketball	Women's Basketball	Football	Baseball	Men's Ice Hockey	Men's Soccer
High School	535,289	435,885	1,095,993	474,219	35,732	411,757
High School - Senior	152,940	124,539	313,141	135,491	10,209	117,645
NCAA	17,890	16,134	69,643	31,999	3,891	22,987
NCAA - Freshman	5,111	4,610	19,898	9,143	1,112	6,568
NCAA - Senior	3,976	3,585	15,476	7,111	865	5,108
NCAA - Drafted	51	31	253	693	10	37
High School to NCAA	3.3%	3.7%	6.4%	6.7%	10.9%	5.6%
NCAA to Pro	1.3%	0.9%	1.6%	9.7%	1.2%	0.7%
High School to Pro	0.03%	0.02%	0.08%	0.51%	0.10%	0.03%

Note: These percentages are based on estimated data and should be considered approximations of the actual percentages. 

Download a PDF containing these figures, a general summary and methodology summary. Last Updated: September 17, 2012

Athletic Scholarships

Does the NCAA award athletic scholarships?

Individual schools award athletic scholarships, not the NCAA. Division I and II schools offer athletic scholarships. Division III schools offer academic scholarships only. NCAA members provide more than $1.5 billion in athletics scholarships annually.

Is an athletic scholarship guaranteed for four years?

At a minimum, an athletic scholarship must be a one academic year agreement.  In Division I, institutions are permitted to offer multiyear scholarships. Athletic scholarships may be renewed and the school must notify the student-athlete in writing by July 1 whether the athletic scholarship will be renewed for the next academic year. Individual schools have appeal policies for scholarships that are reduced or not renewed. In most cases, the coach decides who gets a scholarship, what it covers and whether it will be renewed.

What do athletics scholarships cover?

Division I and II institutions are permitted to provide a student-athlete with tuition and fees, room, board and required course-related books.

Can student-athletes receive other, non-athletic financial aid?

Yes. Thousands of student-athletes benefit from academic scholarships and need-based aid, such as federal Pell Grants. In addition, there is money available from the NCAA’s own Student-Athlete Opportunity Fund. Sometimes student-athletes cannot accept certain types of aid because of NCAA amateurism or financial aid requirements. Student-athletes and parents with questions on additional financial aid should check with their athletic department or college financial aid office.

Is an athletic scholarship the same thing as a National Letter of Intent?

No, but they are often confused with each other. By signing a National Letter of Intent (NLI), a future NCAA student-athlete ends the recruiting process with all other NLI institutions and commits to a school for one year. In return, the student-athlete is guaranteed a one-year scholarship from that school. The NLI seeks to limit recruiting pressure but signing one is not a required step to earning an athletic scholarship.

Do many high school athletes earn athletics scholarships?

Very few in fact. According to recent statistics, about 2 percent of high school athletes are awarded athletics scholarships to compete in college. This small number means high school student-athletes and their parents need to have realistic expectations about receiving an athletic scholarship to play sports in college. Academic, not athletic, achievement is the most reliable path to success in life.

© 2013 National Letter 

***	NCAA DIVISION I	***
Sport	Men's	Women's
Baseball Softball	11.7	12
Basketball	13	15
Track & Field	12.6	18
Football	85	0
Golf	4.5	6
Gymnastics	6.3	12
Field Hockey	0	12
Ice Hockey	18	18
Lacrosse	12.6	12
Rowing	0	20
S****r	9.9	12
Swimming Diving	9.9	8.1
Tennis	4.5	8
Volleyball	4.5	12
Water Polo	4.5	8
Wrestling	9.9	0
****	NCAA DIVISION II	****
Sport	Men's	Women's
Baseball Softball	9	7.2
Badminton	0	10
Basketball	10	10
Bowling	0	5
Track & Field	12.69	12.69
Fencing	4.5	4.5
Football	36	0
Golf	3.6	5.4
Gymnastics	5.4	6
Handball	0	12
Field Hockey	0	6.3
Ice Hockey	13.5	18
Lacrosse	10.8	9.9
Rifle	3.6	7.2
Rowing	0	20
Skiing	6.3	6.3
S****r	9	9.9
Squash	9	7.2
Swimming Diving	0	9
Synchronized Swimming	0	5
Tennis	4.5	6
Volleyball	4.5	8
Water Polo	4.5	8
Wrestling	9	0

---

Divisions I and II Initial-Eligibility Requirements

 NCAA Divisions I and II require 16 core courses. See the charts below.

 Beginning August 1, 2016, NCAA Division I will require 10 core courses to be completed prior to the seventh semester (seven of the 10 must be a combination of English, math or natural or physical science that meet the distribution requirements below). These 10 courses become "locked in" at the start of the seventh semester and cannot be retaken for grade improvement.

o Beginning August 1, 2016, it will be possible for a Division I college-bound student-athlete to still receive athletics aid and the ability to practice with the team if he or she fails to meet the 10 course requirement, but would not be able to compete.

 Test Scores

  Division I uses a sliding scale to match test scores and core grade-point averages (GPA). The sliding scale for those requirements is shown on Page No. 2 of this sheet.

 Division II requires a minimum SAT score of 820 or an ACT sum score of 68.

 The SAT score used for NCAA purposes includes only the critical reading and math sections. The writing section of the SAT is not used.

 The ACT score used for NCAA purposes is a sum of the following four sections: English, mathematics, reading and science.

 When you register for the SAT or ACT, use the NCAA Eligibility Center code of 9999 to ensure all SAT and ACT scores are reported directly to the NCAA Eligibility Center from the testing agency.

Test scores that appear on transcripts will not be used.

 Grade-Point Average

  Be sure to look at your high school’s List of NCAA Courses on the NCAA Eligibility Center's website

(www.eligibilitycenter.org). Only courses that appear on your school's List of NCAA Courses will be used in the calculation of the core GPA. Use the list as a guide.

 Division I students enrolling full time before August 1, 2016, should use Sliding Scale A to determine eligibility to receive athletics aid, practice and competition during the first year.

 Division I GPA required to receive athletics aid and practice on or after August 1, 2016, is 2.000-2.299 (corresponding test-score requirements are listed on Sliding Scale B on Page No. 2 of this sheet).

 Division I GPA required to be eligible for competition on or after August 1, 2016, is 2.300 (corresponding test-score requirements are listed on Sliding Scale B on Page No. 2 of this sheet).

 The Division II core GPA requirement is a minimum of 2.000.

 Remember, the NCAA GPA is calculated using NCAA core courses only.

 DIVISION I

16 Core Courses

 4 years of English.

3 years of mathematics (Algebra I or higher).

2 years of natural/physical science

(1 year of lab if offered by high school).

1 year of additional English,

mathematics or natural/physical science.

2 years of social science.

4 years of additional courses (from any area above, foreign language orcomparative religion/philosophy